모두의 코드
POPF, POPFD, POPFQs (Intel x86/64 assembly instruction)

작성일 : 2020-09-01 이 글은 1281 번 읽혔습니다.

POPF, POPFD, POPFQ

Pop Stack into EFLAGS Register

참고 사항

아래 표를 해석하는 방법은 x86-64 명령어 레퍼런스 읽는 법 글을 참조하시기 바랍니다.

Opcode

Instruction

Op/
En

64-Bit
Mode

Compat/
Leg Mode

Description

9D

POPF

NP

Valid

Valid

Pop top of stack into lower 16 bits of EFLAGS.

9D

POPFD

NP

N.E.

Valid

Pop top of stack into EFLAGS.

9D

POPFQ

NP

Valid

N.E.

Pop top of stack and zero-extend into RFLAGS.

Instruction Operand Encoding

Op/En

Operand 1

Operand 2

Operand 3

Operand 4

NP

NA

NA

NA

NA

Description

Pops a doubleword (POPFD) from the top of the stack (if the current operand-size attribute is 32) and stores the value in the EFLAGS register, or pops a word from the top of the stack (if the operand-size attribute is 16) and stores it in the lower 16 bits of the EFLAGS register (that is, the FLAGS register). These instructions reverse the operation of the PUSHF/PUSHFD instructions.

The POPF (pop flags) and POPFD (pop flags double) mnemonics reference the same opcode. The POPF instruction is intended for use when the operand-size attribute is 16; the POPFD instruction is intended for use when the operand-size attribute is 32. Some assemblers may force the operand size to 16 for POPF and to 32 for POPFD. Others may treat the mnemonics as synonyms (POPF/POPFD) and use the setting of the operand-size attribute to determine the size of values to pop from the stack.

The effect of POPF/POPFD on the EFLAGS register changes, depending on the mode of operation. See the Table 4-15 and key below for details.

When operating in protected, compatibility, or 64-bit mode at privilege level 0 (or in real-address mode, the equiv-alent to privilege level 0), all non-reserved flags in the EFLAGS register except RF1 , VIP, VIF, and VM may be modi-fied. VIP, VIF and VM remain unaffected.

When operating in protected, compatibility, or 64-bit mode with a privilege level greater than 0, but less than or equal to IOPL, all flags can be modified except the IOPL field and RF1 , IF, VIP, VIF, and VM; these remain unaffected. The AC and ID flags can only be modified if the operand-size attribute is 32. The interrupt flag (IF) is altered only when executing at a level at least as privileged as the IOPL. If a POPF/POPFD instruction is executed with insuffi-cient privilege, an exception does not occur but privileged bits do not change.

When operating in virtual-8086 mode (EFLAGS.VM = 1) without the virtual-8086 mode extensions (CR4.VME = 0), the POPF/POPFD instructions can be used only if IOPL = 3; otherwise, a general-protection exception (#GP) occurs. If the virtual-8086 mode extensions are enabled (CR4.VME = 1), POPF (but not POPFD) can be executed in virtual-8086 mode with IOPL < 3.

In 64-bit mode, the mnemonic assigned is POPFQ (note that the 32-bit operand is not encodable). POPFQ pops 64 bits from the stack. Reserved bits of RFLAGS (including the upper 32 bits of RFLAGS) are not affected.

See Chapter 3 of the Intel(R) 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual, Volume 1, for more informa-tion about the EFLAGS registers.

`sidenote

  1. RF is always zero after the execution of POPF. This is because POPF, like all instructions, clears RF as it begins to execute.

    `### Table 4-15. Effect of POPF/POPFD on the EFLAGS Register

Fla

gs

Mode

Operand

CPL

IOPL

21

20

19

18

17

16

14

13:12

11

10

9

8

7

6

4

2

0

Notes

Size

ID

VIP

VIF

AC

VM

RF

NT

IOPL

OF

DF

IF

TF

SF

ZF

AF

PF

CF

Real-Address

16

0

0-3

N

N

N

N

N

0

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

Mode (CR0.PE = 0)

32

0

0-3

S

N

N

S

N

0

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

Protected,

16

0

0-3

N

N

N

N

N

0

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

Compatibility,

16

1-3

<CPL

N

N

N

N

N

0

S

N

S

S

N

S

S

S

S

S

S

and 64-Bit Modes

16

1-3

CPL|N|N|N|N|N|0|S|N|S|S|S|S|S|S|S|S|S|| ||32, 64|0|0-3|S|N|N|S|N|0|S|S|S|S|S|S|S|S|S|S|S|| |(CR0.PE = 1, EFLAGS.VM = |32, 64|1-3|<CPL|S|N|N|S|N|0|S|N|S|S|N|S|S|S|S|S|S|| |0)|32, 64|1-3| CPL

S

N

N

S

N

0

S

N

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

Virtual-8086

16

3

0-2

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1

(CR0.PE = 1,

16

3

3

N

N

N

N

N

0

S

N

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

EFLAGS.VM = 1,

32

3

0-2

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1

CR4.VME = 0)

32

3

3

S

N

N

S

N

0

S

N

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

VME(CR0.PE = 1,

16

3

0-2

N/X

N/X

SV/X

N/X

N/X

0/X

S/X

N/X

S/X

S/X

N/X

S/X

S/X

S/X

S/X

S/X

S/X

2

EFLAGS.VM =

16

3

3

N

N

N

N

N

0

S

N

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

1,CR4.VME = 1)

32

3

0-2

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1

32

3

3

S

N

N

S

N

0

S

N

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

1. #GP fault - no flag update

2. #GP fault with no fla gupdate if VIP=1 in EFLAGS registe arnd IF=1 in FLAGS value on stack

Key

S Updated from stack

SV Updated from IF (bit 9) in FLAGS value on stack

N No change in value

X No EFLAGS updat

0

Value is cleared

Operation

IF VM = 0 (* Not in Virtual-8086 Mode *)
    THEN IF CPL = 0
          THEN
                IF OperandSize = 32;
                      THEN 
                            EFLAGS <- Pop(); (* 32-bit pop *)
                            (* All non-reserved flags except RF, VIP, VIF, and VM can be modified; VIP, VIF, VM, and all reserved bits are unaffected. RF is cleared. *)
                      ELSE IF (Operandsize = 64)
                            RFLAGS = Pop(); (* 64-bit pop *)
                            (* All non-reserved flags except RF, VIP, VIF, and VM can be modified; 
                            VIP, VIF, VM, and all reserved bits are unaffected. RF is cleared. *)
                      ELSE (* OperandSize = 16 *)
EFLAGS[15:0] <- Pop(); (* 16-bit pop *)
                            (* All non-reserved flags can be modified. *)
                FI;
          ELSE (* CPL > 0 *)
                IF OperandSize = 32
                      THEN 
                            IF CPL > IOPL
                                  THEN
                                        EFLAGS <- Pop(); (* 32-bit pop *)
                                        (* All non-reserved bits except IF, IOPL, VIP, VIF, VM and RF can be modified; 
                                        IF, IOPL, VIP, VIF, VM and all reserved bits are unaffected; RF is cleared. *)
                                  ELSE
                                        EFLAGS <- Pop(); (* 32-bit pop *)
                                        (* All non-reserved bits except IOPL, VIP, VIF, VM and RF can be modified; 
                                        IOPL, VIP, VIF, VM and all reserved bits are unaffected; RF is cleared. *)
                            FI;
                      ELSE IF (Operandsize = 64)
                            IF CPL > IOPL
                                  THEN
                                        RFLAGS <- Pop(); (* 64-bit pop *)
                                        (* All non-reserved bits except IF, IOPL, VIP, VIF, VM and RF can be modified; 
                                        IF, IOPL, VIP, VIF, VM and all reserved bits are unaffected; RF is cleared. *)
                                  ELSE
                                        RFLAGS <- Pop(); (* 64-bit pop *)
                                        (* All non-reserved bits except IOPL, VIP, VIF, VM and RF can be modified; 
                                        IOPL, VIP, VIF, VM and all reserved bits are unaffected; RF is cleared. *)
                            FI;
                      ELSE (* OperandSize = 16 *)
                            EFLAGS[15:0] <- Pop(); (* 16-bit pop *)
                            (* All non-reserved bits except IOPL can be modified; IOPL and allreserved bits are unaffected. *)
                FI;
          FI;
    ELSE IF CR4.VME = 1 (* In Virtual-8086 Mode with VME Enabled *)
          IF IOPL = 3 
                THEN IF OperandSize = 32 
                      THEN 
                            EFLAGS <- Pop();
                            (* All non-reserved bits except IOPL, VIP, VIF, VM, and RF can be modified; 
                            VIP, VIF, VM, IOPL and all reserved bits are unaffected. RF is cleared. *)
                      ELSE 
                            EFLAGS[15:0] <- Pop(); FI;
                            (* All non-reserved bits except IOPL can be modified; 
                            IOPL and all reserved bits are unaffected. *)
                FI;
          ELSE (* IOPL < 3 *)
                IF (Operandsize = 32)
                      THEN
                            #GP(0);  (* Trap to virtual-8086 monitor. *)
                      ELSE (* Operandsize = 16 *)
                            tempFLAGS <- Pop();
                            IF EFLAGS.VIP = 1 AND tempFLAGS[9] = 1
       THEN #GP(0);
       ELSE
                   EFLAGS.VIF <- tempFLAGS[9];
                   EFLAGS[15:0] <- tempFLAGS;
                   (* All non-reserved bits except IOPL and IF can be modified;
                   IOPL, IF, and all reserved bits are unaffected. *)
                      FI;
                FI;
          FI;
    ELSE  (* In Virtual-8086 Mode *)
          IF IOPL = 3 
                THEN IF OperandSize = 32 
                      THEN 
                            EFLAGS <- Pop();
                            (* All non-reserved bits except IOPL, VIP, VIF, VM, and RF can be modified; 
                            VIP, VIF, VM, IOPL and all reserved bits are unaffected. RF is cleared. *)
                      ELSE 
                            EFLAGS[15:0] <- Pop(); FI;
                            (* All non-reserved bits except IOPL can be modified; 
                            IOPL and all reserved bits are unaffected. *)
          ELSE (* IOPL < 3 *)
                #GP(0);  (* Trap to virtual-8086 monitor. *)
          FI;
    FI;
FI;

Flags Affected

All flags may be affected; see the Operation section for details.

Protected Mode Exceptions

#SS(0)

  • If the top of stack is not within the stack segment.

#PF(fault-code)

  • If a page fault occurs.

#AC(0)

  • If an unaligned memory reference is made while the current privilege level is 3 and alignment checking is enabled.

#UD

  • If the LOCK prefix is used.

Real-Address Mode Exceptions

#SS

  • If the top of stack is not within the stack segment.

#UD

  • If the LOCK prefix is used.

Virtual-8086 Mode Exceptions

#GP(0)

  • If the I/O privilege level is less than 3.

  • If an attempt is made to execute the POPF/POPFD instruction with an operand-size override prefix.

#SS(0)

  • If the top of stack is not within the stack segment.

#PF(fault-code)

  • If a page fault occurs.

#AC(0)

  • If an unaligned memory reference is made while alignment checking is enabled.

#UD

  • If the LOCK prefix is used.

Compatibility Mode Exceptions

Same as for protected mode exceptions.

64-Bit Mode Exceptions

#GP(0)

  • If the memory address is in a non-canonical form.

#SS(0)

  • If the stack address is in a non-canonical form.

#PF(fault-code)

  • If a page fault occurs.

#AC(0)

  • If alignment checking is enabled and an unaligned memory reference is made while the current privilege level is 3.

#UD

  • If the LOCK prefix is used.

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